Introduction & Field Background
Li-Fi advantages over Wi-Fi
- More Capacity (10000 times spectrum)
- Efficiency
- Availability
- Security
Li-Fi Transmitter : LED
- Easily modulated
- Fast Switching
- Transmit thousands of data streams in parallel
Li-Fi Receiver options
- LED reverse bias
- Photo diode (PD) : more sensitive than LED
- Camera mobile phone
CMOS Image Sensors (CIS)
- Main Components : PD (capture light), Color Filter (RGB) and Micro Lens (gather light)
- Global Shutter vs. Rolling Shutter : Using rolling Shutter to increase data rate
- APS (Active Pixel Sensor) vs. DVS (Differential Vision Sensor) : Using DVS to increase frame rate
Li-Fi case study using CIS
- Samsung Galaxy Nexus Camera ( Res. : 1920×1080 & Scanning time: 23ms)
- Potential Bit Rate =(1080 row)/(8 row for separation between bits) ×1/23ms ×3bit (RGB) ≈ 15 kbps
- Limits of bit rate: ADC conversion time & readout circuit time
Good Future Background in the area
- Test Setup on visible light communication (VLC)
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- Data Rate = 10Mbit/sec
- Distance = 150cm
- Increasing LED bandwidth by pole cancelling
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Variable Bandwidth TIA and Limiting Amplifier for Maximum Sensitivity in Free Space Optical Links
- This receiver consists of a pre-current amplifier, TIA, BW control unit, offset cancellation and a limiting amplifier.
- The receiver is designed for the data rates of 16Mbps to 1Gbps between the distances of 100m to 1km.
- A total transimpedance gain and input referred noise of 117dB and 5.2pA/√?? was obtained. The total power consumption is 113mW.
- High sensitivity and the ability to steer the bandwidth to compensate for the channel variations loss
- A novel idea for a new clock data recovery architecture was proposed which can lock to the data while smoothly doubling the data rate without losing any of the information.
Optical ICs
- Transimpedance Amplifier (TIA)
- Up to 10.7Gbps operation for OC-192/STM-64, 10GE, and OC-192 with FEC
- Small signal transimpedance of 700 ohms (Single ended)
- Low power consumption: 53mW
- Standard 0.13 µm CMOS technology
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Optical ICs
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10Gbps Laser Diode/ Modulator Driver (LDMD)
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Existing Projects:
- Generalized computer driven RGB LED driver test setup allowing various data formats and rates to be sent
- App development for mobile phone LED control
- A test bench for reception of VLC data comprising of PD+TIA/PA+CDR to characterize various sources (Up to 10Mbit/sec)
Other projects Good Future could do for you:
- App development on Android & IOS platforms
- Characterization of various brand mobile phones for maximum LED driving rate capability
- Characterization of the existing brand mobile phones for maximum camera data rates
- Characterization of the camera modules for the mobile phones that has a physically separate media module
Feasibility report and existing technology analysis
Review of key technologies in VLC (2010-2018)
- Laser vs. LED device power and speed limits
- Pre-emphasis filters
- Mach Zehnder vs. Laser
- Extinction Ratio
- Laser/LED driver circuits
- Temperature and aging compensation
- Scalable driver
- Existing PD device limits
- PD made in CMOS vs. advance heterogeneous semiconductors
- TIA/PA and SerDes state of the art
- Clock-Data recovery (CDR) technologies in CMOS
- Camera Chip technological advances
- Basic camera chip architectures
- Camera fps for mobile phones with slow motion
- Techniques for Giga rate fps
- Wi-Fi modules and chipsets
- 802.11b, a and g
- Advanced 802.11 with beam steering and Giga rate data
- Proposal for technology and chipset development for VLC and Wi-Fi combo module on existing mobile phones for advanced high rate data transmission including higher security.